This page lists:
- Key references, including reviews and guidelines
- Buttons to search Pubmed to find more journal references.
- Websites and other resources for people who hoard, friends and family,
All references have links to the full text or abstract.
Key references all free access
Morein-Zamir S et al(2023) Hoarding disorder: evidence and best practice in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. Mar 30;73(729):182-183. Print 2023 Apr. Direct to full text.
NICE(2024) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (Clinical knowledge summary)For people who hoard who also have OCD -not all do. Brief summary of treatment. Recent literature search.
Whomsley, S et al (2024) A psychological perspective on hoarding; Good Practice Guidelines (2nd edition) British Psychological Society. References Link to download at the end, Direct to full text
Other references
Free
Bratiotis,C et al (2021) Hoarding Disorder: Development in Conceptualization, Intervention, and Evaluation Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). Fall 2021; 19(4): 392–404. Long, more like a textbook. Literature review.
Davidson, E et al (2019) Recent advances in hoarding Curr Psychiatry Rep Aug 13;21(9):91. Older than 2025 review below,but for people who can only access free articles.
International OCD Foundation Hoarding: For Mental Health Professionals (viewed 12/12/2024) but references are old.
NICE (2005) Obsessive-compulsive disorder and body dysmorphic disorder: treatment;Clinical guideline [CG31] Some symptoms of OCD do not apply to people who only hoard. Very out of date.See NICE(2024) Obsessive-compulsive disorder (Clinical knowledge summary) above. Long
O’Brien,E et al (2025) Decluttering Minds: Psychological interventions for hoarding disorder – A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res Jan:181:738-751.
Steils, N et al (2022). What do we know about hoarding behaviour and treatment approaches for older people? A thematic review. Links on the right. Report 117 pages. Summary; 13 pages. NIHR Policy Research Unit in Health and Social Care Workforce, Policy Institute, King’s College. Long
Social Care Institute for Excellence Self Neglect; Self-neglect at a glance, Research messages for practitioners (viewed 10/5/2024). They qualify that hoarding and self-neglect do not always appear together, and one does not necessarily cause the other
Weir K (2020) Treating people with hoarding disorder. Vol. 51, No. 3
Print version: page 36. American Psychological Association. Continuing education. Covers more than treatment. Review. Free
WHO ICD -11 6B24 Hoarding disorder classification
Not free access. NHS and academic staff/students may have access.
Tolin,D et al (2025) State of the Science: Hoarding Disorder and Its Treatment. Behavior therapy, Jul;56(4):667-679. Link to publisher’s page. for more information 100+ references. If problems accessing it, try Lin;
Lin,N et al (2023) Hoarding Disorder: The Current Evidence in Conceptualization, Intervention, and Evaluation Psychiatr Clin North Am Mar;46(1):181-196. Epub 2022 Dec 13.More information on publisher’s page 100+ references.
Other reviews
Chia,K et al (2021) Interpersonal attachment, early family environment, and trauma in hoarding; a systematic review Clin Psychol Rev Dec;102096
Rodgers,N et al (2021) Cognitive behavioral therapy for hoarding disorder: An updated meta-analysis Review J Affect Disord Jul 1:290:128-135
Finding more journal references
Searches of Pubmed, which includes the Medline database, click a button:
There is more information and examples on the page about searching PubMed.
Other databases include journals with relevant references that are not in Pubmed. They are not free access. NHS and university staff/students may have access.
Books
Textbooks (expensive)
American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision – DSM-5-TR™ American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Frost, R et al (2014)The Oxford Handbook of Hoarding and Acquiring .Oxford University Press
Steketee, G eg al (2013)Treatment for Hoarding Disorder: Therapist Guide (Treatments That Work). Oxford University Press
Tompkins, M(2016) Clinician’s Guide to Severe Hoarding: A Harm Reduction Approach. Springer
Not textbook (much cheaper)
Drummond,M and Edwards,L (2025) Everything you need to know about hoarding, Wide range of topics. Written for people who hoard, but it will also be useful for people who work with them
Steketee, G et al(2020) Hoarding: What Everyone Needs to Know for families and community workers (eg social workers,housing officers) No references.
Free online resources:
Clutter Image Rating and Assessment Tool Guidelines (viewed 1/62024).Used widely, eg by people who hoard explaining to a health professional, but also used by fire services.
Websites and books for people who hoard and their friends and family.
Selected from page Websites and books about hoarding disorder
Mind Hoarding Clear, comprehensive information for people who hoard and those trying to help them. Recommended the most.
British Psychological Society Understanding Hoarding. Lots of information, including useful actions (page 15- 19). (Home visits with a therapist are probably unusual).
NHS Hoarding disorder Lots of information. Some information for friends/family. No self help, so need to read another page too.(Home visits with a therapist are probably unusual).
Hoarding Support Information for hoarders, friends/family. Peer support forum.
Independent Age Hoarding Booklet written for older people. Online, print and other formats. Order operations@independantage.org
Books. All written by experts
Cooke,J (2021) Understanding Hoarding Sheldon Press
Drummond,M and Edwards,L (2025) Everything you need to know about hoarding, Cambridge University Press. (duplicate entry)
Satwant, S et al (2015) Overcoming hoarding; self-help guide with cognitive behavioural techniques. Robinson
David Tolin (2013) Buried in treasures; Help for compulsive acquiring, saving and hoarding Long. Research evidence of effectiveness. Also as audio and CD. Expensive
Safety
WG Hoarding response organisation has a 10 steps to safety video (It also has a page about harm reduction, which they use).
Fire; Hoarding Humberside Fire Brigade
Hoarding disorder Written for carers and support workers.London Fire Brigade.
Falls; Falls-Prevention NHS. Written for older people, but parts are relevant for younger people who hoard too.
There are many more references on the Bibliography page, plus pages on Housing and Websites and books about hoarding disorder for people who hoard, friends and family.
This is a new site. Feedback welcome! Contact
Fiona McLean, Health information professional fmclean.co.uk
Hoarding disorder references 